emission unit การใช้

• Consequently, the NZ ETS is highly linked to the international market for greenhouse gas emission units.
• The NZ ETS is highly linked to international carbon markets as it allows the importing of most of the Kyoto Protocol emission units.
• The 2008 NZ ETS created a new emission unit, the New Zealand Unit ( NZU ), which the Ministry for the Environment described as being the'primary domestic unit of trade '.
• An emissions trading scheme has been established and from 1 July 2010, the energy and liquid fossil fuel sectors have obligations to report emissions and to obtain and surrender emissions units ( carbon credits ).
• Dr Suzi Kerr, an economist and Senior Fellow at Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, commented that the NZ ETS would be costly to tax payers as it provided for very high levels of free allocation of emission units to emitters.
• In May 2008, Chris Schilling, an economist at the New Zealand Institute of Economic Research ( NZIER ), argued that free allocation of emissions units to  at-risk firms competing in export markets was necessary to maintain their competitiveness.
• Manganese particles become deposited on a car's catalytic converter, impairing its ability to properly operate and resulting in an increase in the tailpipe exhaust of a major pollutant, hydrocarbons, said Sam Leonard, who directs the vehicle emissions unit at GM.
• Not withstanding the Annex B reduction target of 100 % of the 1990 base year gross emissions, New Zealand would be able to emit more than its initial assigned amount as long as more emission units were obtained from forest carbon sinks between 2008 and 2012.
• Some stakeholders have criticized the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme for its generous free allocations of emission units and the lack of a carbon price signal ( the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment ), and for being ineffective in reducing emissions ( Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand ).
• This provision requires the " linkage " of various carbon emissions trading systems because measured emissions reductions must avoid " double counting ", transferred mitigation outcomes must be recorded as a gain of emission units for one party and a reduction of emission units for the other.
• This provision requires the " linkage " of various carbon emissions trading systems because measured emissions reductions must avoid " double counting ", transferred mitigation outcomes must be recorded as a gain of emission units for one party and a reduction of emission units for the other.
• In November 2012, the Ministry for the Environment reported that the latest projection of New Zealand's net Kyoto position was a surplus of 35.3 million emission units valued at NZ $ 38 million ( based on an international carbon price of 0.68 Euro per tonne ).
• Professor Jonathan Boston, Director of the Institute of Policy Studies ( New Zealand ) at Victoria University of Wellington, commented that the 2008 NZ ETS will be less effective in reducing emissions because of political compromises such as the delayed sector entry dates and the extended period of free allocation of emissions units.
• In early September 2009, Rod Oram predicted that the National Government's goals would be; to adopt intensity-based allocation of free carbon credits to export industries; have no cap on greenhouse gas emissions; to have a temporary cap on the price of carbon; to delay bringing in sectors into the NZETS; to delay phasing out free emission units; and, maximum alignment with the Australian Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme.